In the Greek language the word "scolios", which translates as "the curve". This word of the doctors indicate the curvature of the spine. And not all of the curvature, namely, the lateral deviation from the vertical axis of the spine. The fact that the standard of our spine is not perfectly smooth. Available in the front and rear direction of the curves (lordosis and kyphosis) protect our spine from excessive loads at the time of maintaining the body in a certain position when you move and carry heavy objects. Negative processes in our body are developed only in the case of the kyphosis and the lordosis expressed above acceptable levels.
The main problems
However, even a small degree of lateral curves (scoliosis) of the spine is always a pathology is. And this is not only the cosmetic defect. Although characteristic repulsive aspect that expresses or progressive scoliosis is always a tragedy for the man who seeks to live a quality of life to the full. This applies especially to the young people of both sexes. It is precisely in the infant and juvenile period (up to 15 – 16 years old) diagnosed in a large part of the scoliosis.
The main problem is that due to the changes of configuration and the volume of the rib cage when the express side of the curvature always suffer from the internal organs (heart, lungs, stomach, liver, intestines, large vessels). In men decreases tolerance to stress a physical, the women are problems occur of conception, taking pregnancy and maternity. In addition, very often the lateral deformation of the spine only is the work dead of the iceberg, which is a symptom of where the disease is most severe, tumors, tuberculosis, endocrine disorders.
The causes of the
Why, then, deforms the spine? Before responding to the question of determining the type of scoliosis. In its essence, scoliosis can be structural and non-structural. Structural scoliosis is developed due to the anatomy of the changes of the bone structure of the vertebrae, as well as which are located near the muscles, nerves, ligamentous apparatus. These deformities can be acquired and congenital, and the latter represent about a quarter of all to be able to diagnose scoliosis.
Among the main causes of the structural development of the scoliosis distinguished:
- The vices of the gestation, which leads to dysplastic violation of one or more of the vertebrae
- Congenital anomalies of development of the rib cage – the absence of edges, extensions of fins
- He was born with a pathology is of connective tissue – neurofibromatosis, marfan syndrome
- Brain due to the lack of children with cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy), leads to the violation of the innervation of certain parts of the spine
- The treating osteoporosis (bone fragility) of the spinal column when the rickets, diseases of the parathyroid glands, the lack of adequate calcium in the diet
- Osteomyelitis vertebral
- Dystrophic changes in cervical, thoracic and lumbar musculature
- TB damage in the vertebrae
- Injuries of the spine
- Tumors of the spine.
Non-structural scoliosis, as its name indicates, is a lateral deviation of the axis of the spine to the gross, the structure of the vertebrae. As a general rule, these scoliosis most often purchased with the exception of those cases in which the curvature is compensatory nature with birth defects, anatomical defects of the pelvis or lower extremities. The causes of stories of scoliosis most often are:
- Injuries of the pelvis and lower extremities
- Congenital defects of the pelvis and lower extremities
- Constant poor posture in students
- Diseases of the internal organs asymmetrically with the view expressed by armbar syndrome
- Inflammation of muscles (myositis)
- Burns, scarring of the soft tissues with a single of the parties.
In these cases, to correct the curvature of the spine is sufficient to cure the underlying disease, and therefore, many non-structural scoliosis are easily reversible. In this sense, some doctors tend not to include non-structural deformation to the scoliosis in general.
In the last time have increased the cases of young people's development of scoliosis with the unresolved causes. This is the so-called idiopathic scoliosis. Occurs, him in his adolescence, in the period of rapid body growth. And the girls suffer from idiopathic scoliosis, which is several times greater than that of the young. Apparently, this is due to the relatively weak muscles of the back the female sex, which is not able to conclude the spine in a skeletal muscle. Not the last role in the development of idiopathic scoliosis plays a poor diet, with low content of calcium salts, the madness of the youth of the drinks. As is known, the carbon dioxide in bottles and phosphoric acid in the composition of the synthetic inclusions contribute to the leaching of calcium salts from your body.
The type and degree
Depending on the location of the scoliosis can be a strap to the neck, chest, lumbar, or mixed (sheyno-breast, the back-breast). There may be one or several arcs of curvature. In this sense, are distinguished With a-shaped scoliosis (from the 1st arch), S-bolt (with 2 bows), and Z-bolt (with 3 bows). Probably, the presence of 2 or 3 arches is compensatory in nature. The With-shaped scoliosis, the axis of the spine is denied. Trying to compensate for this, the spine is bent in the opposite direction. In this sense, the scoliosis divided into compensated and non-compensated. The compensated curvatures of the spinal column by a vertical line, omitted from the 7th cervical vertebra, passes through the crease between the buttocks.
The curvature of the spine are often sochetanniy nature. For example, in the division in addition to the lateral curvature is held on the hollow of the kyphosis, or simply the hump. In these cases, talking of the in kyphoscoliosis . In addition, with large degrees of scoliosis, in addition to lateral displacement of the vertebrae is held torque. In the literal translation means to twist. In fact, in many scoliosis occurs, the curvature of the bone of the vertebra on the vertical axis.
Depending on the magnitude of the angle of the arc of the curvature of the distinguished 4 degrees of scoliosis:
- 1 degree of angle of curvature of not more than 10 degrees. The asymmetry in the eyes almost not defined. Attention is called to slouch, the different levels of the shoulder girdle. jpg" class="imgblock right center_mob">
- Grade 2 – the angle of curvature of 11 to 25 degrees. In this sense, because it shows torsion of the vertebrae. Is seen visible in the eye of the asymmetry of the shoulder girdle and pelvis. Due to an increase in muscle tension is generated, a roller in the lumbar region with the concave part, and in the chest of the sphere – with-convex.
- 3 grade – curvature is 26 to 50 degrees. The visible area of the deformation of the rib cage – the retraction intercostal gaps in the concave part of the curvature and bulging with convex. The weakening of abdominal internal formation of humps.
- 4 grade – the angle of curvature I have is over 50 degrees. Expressed cosmetic defect of all previous signs. Low portability that even the smallest physical efforts. In addition to the locomotor suffer the internal organs.
The angle may vary, depending on the position of the body, the structure of stable and unstable scoliosis. When unstable scoliosis decreases in the supine position, when reducing the load on the spine. If they would have kept a stable curvature of the spine of this value is kept constant.
The symptoms of the
In the last time, is to often use the term "scoliosis disease". And represent the structure of the negative changes that occur in the body when the curvature of the spine. As a general rule, the scoliosis, the disease develops in childhood and adulthood, in the period of formation of the locomotor apparatus. In this moment there is a great likelihood that the scoliosis will progress.
Apparently, not last role in increase of angle of curvature of the play discs m? s. The lateral movement of the disc suffers because of the differences in the pressure on the part of the bodies of the vertebrae. The concave part is the pressure more, with the convexity to less. As a result of this unit even more wear and tear on the part of the scoliosis, creates muscle tension (muscle roller) and torsion vertebrae – all this leads to the appearance of disc herniations, and further increase the angle of the curvature.
Along with the spine when scoliosis of the disease for the second time changes the rib cage. It forms the so-called rib hump – with the convex part of the curvature of the intercostal intervals are extended, and concave on the contrary, in the sink. When the scoliosis 4 degree of deformation of the rib cage is so pronounced, that the bottom of the ribs on the side of the curvature in contact with the iliac crest bone.
Due to the expressed by the deformation of the rib cage full excursion at the time of breathing difficult. Finally the body when it expresses the scoliosis does not receive the necessary amount of oxygen – develops so-called chronic hypoxia with the violation of all metabolic processes in the body. The pathology is exacerbated by the fact that it changes the internal volume and the shape of the thoracic cavity. Because of this, it alters the circulation of the blood through the vessels suffering of the lungs, modifies the shape of heart, develops the chronic cardiovascular, respiratory failure.
Are producing similar changes in the organs of the abdominal cavity when the lumbar spine and the lumbar spine-the scoliosis. Decreases the motility of the stomach and the intestine with the follow-up of the failure enzyme of the digestive glands. All this is made even more serious types of infringement. These disorders often lead to start sluggish the sexual maturation of boys and girls. In addition, due to the lumbar scoliosis of new folded peruvian of the pelvis. This creates problems for moms-to-be with taking pregnancy and maternity.
The diagnosis
The diagnosis of scoliosis, especially for the big titles, as a general rule, presents no difficulties. For the detection of deformations of the spine often quite normal to visual inspection. Attention is called to the visible area of the curvature of the contours of the spine, the asymmetry of the shoulder girdle, the angles of the vanes, secondary to the deformation of the pelvis and the shortening of the lower limb on the side of the curvature.
If you have any of these symptoms, you are shown an x-ray of the spine. In the x-ray define the configuration, the degree and the localization of the deformation. In the course of the inspection and radiographic examination can establish whether the scoliosis compensated and stable. Has recently received the dissemination of a new method of exploration of the spine – magnetic resonance imaging (mri), in which on the monitor screen, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional image of the spinal column. When large curvature is necessary to investigate the functioning of the internal organs – to perform spirometry, electrocardiography, performing an ultrasound of the heart and the internal organs.
The treatment of the
Scoliosis treatment can be carried out conservatively and promptly. Conservative methods are medication, massage, physical therapy of the procedure, the quiroprctica. You must take into account that the final formation of the spinal column ends at the age of 20, and after this age the correction of the curvature is practically impossible. When the scoliosis 1-2 degree of effort for the accomplishment of origin normal configuration of the spine. When expressed scoliosis 3 – 4 grade is impossible, here the most important – to stabilize the spine and prevent the progression of scoliosis.
Medications (chondroprotectors, vitamins, tonic drugs) in the treatment of scoliosis only play a supporting role. Strengthen muscles, remove muscle roller, and even in great measure to stabilize the spine by means of massage and manipulative therapy. Good effect give the most important lessons of the physical culture medical. But here in physical activities as inadequate, it reinforces the instability of the spine and progressing of the scoliosis. Therefore, the exercises are worked out for each patient individually, taking into account the location and the expressiveness of the curvature. The great extent of the scoliosis is contraindicated running, strength training, jumps, games in the open air.
A very good result that gives the correction of the situation – creates an optimal posture, contributes to the normalization of the posture. For this, we use special devices, the crib in which the young patients spend most of their time. The ineffectiveness of conservative measures, the progression of the curvature of the sample treatment, with the object of stabilizing the spine. The surgical correction of which is not shown in early childhood, takes place in adulthood, when the formation of the vertebral column almost finished.